# Deadline date calculator: when your filing deadline falls

> Enter your state, the claim type and the crash date to see the date the general deadline to sue would fall on and the days left. An estimate only.

Canonical page: https://accidentclaimfacts.com/tools/deadline-calculator/  
Last reviewed: October 29, 2026 by the Accident Claim Facts editorial team  
General information, not legal advice. Talk to a licensed attorney in your state.

Interactive tool: https://accidentclaimfacts.com/tools/deadline-calculator/ (works without JavaScript). The data behind it, with sources: https://accidentclaimfacts.com/api/state-rules.json

| State | Injury | Vehicle damage | Wrongful death | Fault rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-2-38(l)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Ala. Code § 6-5-410(d)) | Contributory negligence |
| Alaska | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(2)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.10.070(a)(3)) | 2 years (Alaska Stat. § 09.55.580(a)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arizona | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(1)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(3)) | 2 years (A.R.S. § 12-542(2)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Arkansas | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105(6)) | 3 years (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-102(c)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| California | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | 3 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 338(c)(1)) | 2 years (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 335.1) | Pure comparative fault |
| Colorado | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 3 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)) | 2 years (C.R.S. § 13-80-102(1)(d); § 13-21-204) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Connecticut | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584) | 2 years (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-555(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Delaware | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8119) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | 2 years (10 Del. C. § 8107) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| District of Columbia | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(8)) | 3 years (D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(3)) | 2 years (D.C. Code § 16-2702) | Contributory negligence |
| Florida | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(a)) | Not confirmed | 2 years (Fla. Stat. § 95.11(5)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Georgia | 2 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-33) | 4 years (O.C.G.A. § 9-3-31) | Not confirmed | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Hawaii | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7; § 431:10C-315(b)) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7) | 2 years (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 663-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Idaho | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | 3 years (Idaho Code § 5-218(3)) | 2 years (Idaho Code § 5-219(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Illinois | 2 years (735 ILCS 5/13-202) | 5 years (735 ILCS 5/13-205) | 2 years (740 ILCS 180/2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Indiana | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(1)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(a)(2)) | 2 years (Ind. Code § 34-23-1-1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Iowa | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | 5 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(4)) | 2 years (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Kansas | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(4)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(2)) | 2 years (K.S.A. 60-513(a)(5)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Kentucky | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | 2 years (KRS 413.125) | 2 years (KRS 304.39-230(6)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Louisiana | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 3493.1) | 2 years (La. Civ. Code art. 2315.2(B)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Maine | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752) | 3 years (18-C M.R.S. § 2-807(2)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Maryland | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101) | 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904(g)(1)) | Contributory negligence |
| Massachusetts | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260, § 2A) | 3 years (Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 229, § 2) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Michigan | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2)) | 3 years (MCL 600.5805(2); MCL 600.5852) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Minnesota | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(5)) | 6 years (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(4)) | 3 years (Minn. Stat. § 573.02, subd. 1) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Mississippi | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49(1)) | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-13; § 15-1-49(1)) | Pure comparative fault |
| Missouri | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)) | 3 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.100) | Pure comparative fault |
| Montana | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(1)) | 2 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207) | 3 years (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Nebraska | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(3)) | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207(2)) | 2 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-810) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Nevada | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | 3 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(3)(c)) | 2 years (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 11.190(4)(e)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Hampshire | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508:4, I) | 3 years (N.H. RSA 556:11 and 508:4; Cheever v. Southern N.H. Reg'l Med. Ctr., 141 N.H. 589 (1997)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Jersey | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-2(a)) | 6 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:14-1) | 2 years (N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2A:31-3) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| New Mexico | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-8) | 4 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-4) | 3 years (N.M. Stat. Ann. § 41-2-2) | Pure comparative fault |
| New York | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(5)) | 3 years (N.Y. CPLR 214(4)) | 2 years (N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law § 5-4.1(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| North Carolina | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(16)) | 3 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-52(4)) | 2 years (N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-53(4)) | Contributory negligence |
| North Dakota | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)) | 6 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4)) | 2 years (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Ohio | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10(A)) | 2 years (Ohio Rev. Code § 2125.02(F)(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oklahoma | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95(A)(3)) | 2 years (Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 1053(A)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Oregon | 2 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.110(1)) | 6 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 12.080(4)) | 3 years (Or. Rev. Stat. § 30.020(1)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Pennsylvania | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(3)) | 2 years (42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5524(2)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Rhode Island | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-14(b)) | 10 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-13(a)) | 3 years (R.I. Gen. Laws § 10-7-2(c)) | Pure comparative fault |
| South Carolina | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(5)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(4)) | 3 years (S.C. Code Ann. § 15-3-530(6)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| South Dakota | 3 years (SDCL § 15-2-14(3)) | 6 years (SDCL § 15-2-13(4)) | 3 years (SDCL § 21-5-3) | Slight/gross negligence |
| Tennessee | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1)(A)) | 3 years (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-105) | 1 year (Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104(a)(1); Collier v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water Div., 657 S.W.2d 771 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Texas | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(a)) | 2 years (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003(b)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Utah | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(4)) | 4 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-307(3)) | 2 years (Utah Code § 78B-2-304(3)) | Modified comparative fault (50% bar) |
| Vermont | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(4)) | 3 years (12 V.S.A. § 512(5)) | 2 years (14 V.S.A. § 1492(a)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Virginia | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(A)) | 5 years (Va. Code § 8.01-243(B)) | 2 years (Va. Code § 8.01-244(B)) | Contributory negligence |
| Washington | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2)) | 3 years (RCW 4.16.080(2); Deggs v. Asbestos Corp. Ltd., No. 91969-1 (Wash. Oct. 6, 2016)) | Pure comparative fault |
| West Virginia | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(b)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(a)) | 2 years (W. Va. Code § 55-7-6(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wisconsin | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(1m)(a)) | 3 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.52(2)) | 2 years (Wis. Stat. § 893.54(2m)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
| Wyoming | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(C)) | 4 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-3-105(a)(iv)(B)) | 2 years (Wyo. Stat. § 1-38-102(d)) | Modified comparative fault (51% bar) |
## Quick answer

Every state sets a deadline for filing a car accident lawsuit, called the statute of limitations. For an adult's injury claim it is most often 2 years, but it ranges from 1 year in Tennessee to 6 years in Maine. This calculator adds your state's general deadline to the date you enter and shows the calendar date and the days left. It is an estimate of the general rule, not legal advice: exceptions can move the real deadline earlier or later.

## Key facts

| Fact | Detail | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Most common injury deadline | 2 years | 25 jurisdictions, including Texas and California |
| Three-year injury deadline | 18 jurisdictions | Including New York and Washington |
| Shortest injury deadline | 1 year | Tennessee |
| Longest injury deadline | 6 years | Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota |
| Claim against a federal agency | 2 years | A written claim to the agency comes first |
| Texas notice to a city, county or state agency | 6 months | Much sooner than the lawsuit deadline |
| Insurer warning before a deadline runs out (model rule) | 60 days | For people without a lawyer; states vary |

## How to use the calculator

1. **Choose your state.** Use the state where the crash happened. If more than one state could be involved, for example a crash on a trip, a lawyer can tell you which state's law applies.
2. **Choose the type of claim.** Injury, vehicle or property damage, and wrongful death claims can have different deadlines, even in the same state.
3. **Enter the date.** For injury and property claims, that is the date of the crash. For a wrongful death claim, the field changes to the starting point your state uses, such as the date of death.
4. **Read the result.** You see the date the general deadline would fall on, the days left from today, the statute and its official source, and the exceptions that most often apply.

The address in your browser updates as you go, so you can copy a link to the result. Without JavaScript, the form still works: fill it in and press the button. Nothing you enter is stored.

## How the date is counted

The calculator adds whole years to the date you enter and lands on the same calendar date. A crash on March 15, 2025 in a two-year state gives March 15, 2027. If that date does not exist, as with February 29 in a year that is not a leap year, it uses the last day of the month instead, the earlier of the two possible readings.

Courts have their own counting rules, and the tool cannot apply every one. Two examples show the kind of detail involved:

- **Texas:** under the Code Construction Act, the first day is excluded and the last day is included when counting days; a period of months ends on the same numbered day of the last month, or on that month's last day if it is shorter; and if the last day is a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, the period is extended to the next day that is not.
- **Federal court:** under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the day of the event that starts the period is not counted, and if the last day falls on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, the period runs until the end of the next day that is not one.

> **Warning:** Many court rules move a last day that falls on a weekend or legal holiday to the next business day. The calculator flags weekend dates, but do not plan around the extra day. Lawsuits filed at the last minute leave no room for a mistake in the papers.

## When the real deadline is different

The date you see is the general rule. Several situations change it, and they come up often:

- **Injured children.** Many states pause the clock while the injured person is under 18. Texas law, for example, puts it this way: A person younger than 18 is under a legal disability; if the disability exists when the claim accrues, the time until the child turns 18 is not counted in the limitations period. New York works differently: there, the deadline is generally extended to three years after the child turns 18. This pause is called tolling.
- **Injuries found later.** Some states start the clock when an injury was, or reasonably should have been, discovered, rather than on the day of the crash.
- **Wrongful death.** The starting point differs by state. In most states the clock runs from the date of death, but in Iowa it runs from the date of the injury and in Vermont from the discovery of the death. Our [wrongful death guide](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/injuries/wrongful-death/) explains who can bring these claims.
- **Government defendants.** If a city bus, a police car or a badly kept road was involved, a written notice of claim is often due long before the lawsuit deadline. In Texas, the notice to a government body is due within 6 months of the crash. Claims against a federal agency, such as a mail truck, must be presented in writing to the agency within 2 years.
- **Your own policy.** Claims under your own insurance, such as uninsured motorist claims, also depend on the notice and claim rules written into the policy.

> **Example:** A driver is hurt in a crash with a city garbage truck in Texas. The general injury deadline is 2 years, but the notice to the city is due within 6 months, and a city charter can set a shorter period. Waiting for the lawsuit deadline would miss the notice.

## Talks with an insurer do not stop the clock

Negotiating with an adjuster does not pause the deadline to sue. Neither do medical treatment that is still going on or a claim number from the insurer. If the claim has not settled when the deadline arrives, the case usually has to be filed in court to stay alive.

A model regulation from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners asks insurers to warn claimants who have no lawyer at least 60 days before the deadline for a claim against another driver's insurer runs out. Each state adopts its own version, so do not count on that warning. Our guide to [filing a lawsuit](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/claim-process/filing-a-lawsuit/) explains what happens once a case is filed, and the [claim file checklist](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/tools/claim-file-checklist/) lists the records worth keeping in the meantime.

## What the calculator does not do

It does not tell you whether you have a claim, which state's law applies or whether an exception covers your case. It shows "Not confirmed" for the few state and claim combinations where we could not confirm one clear deadline from the official text. For an overview of every state, use the [deadline lookup](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/tools/) or the [state guides](https://accidentclaimfacts.com/location/). For a deadline that matters to you, talk to a licensed attorney in your state.

## FAQ

### How long do I have to file a car accident lawsuit?

It depends on the state and the type of claim. For an adult's injury claim, 25 jurisdictions allow 2 years and 18 allow 3 years. Tennessee allows only 1 year, and Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota allow 6 years.

### Does the deadline start on the day of the crash?

Usually, for injury and property claims. Some states start it later when an injury could not have been discovered at first. Wrongful death deadlines often run from the date of death instead, and a few states use another starting point.

### What happens if I miss the statute of limitations?

The other side can ask the court to dismiss the case, and courts usually do. Exceptions sometimes apply, such as for injured children, so anyone close to or past the date may want to talk to a licensed attorney promptly.

### Is the deadline for an insurance claim the same as for a lawsuit?

No. The lawsuit deadline is set by state law. Insurance policies have their own rules for reporting a crash and making a claim, and those time limits are usually much shorter.

### Does the calculator work for claims against the government?

Only for the lawsuit deadline. Claims against a city, county, state or federal agency usually need a written notice or claim first, often within months. The result shows that notice rule where we have confirmed it for your state.

### Is what I enter saved anywhere?

No. The state, claim type and date are used to build the result and are not stored. The link you can copy contains them, so share it only with people you choose.

## Sources

- [Legal Information Institute, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 6](https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_6) — how federal courts count time periods
- [Texas Legislature, Government Code § 311.014](https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/GV/htm/GV.311.htm) — how Texas statutes count days and months
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 16.003(a)](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.16.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Tennessee Code), Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-104](https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-28/chapter-3/part-1/section-28-3-104/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maine Legislature, 14 M.R.S. § 752](https://www.legislature.maine.gov/statutes/14/title14sec752.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. Code (GPO), 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b)](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title28/html/USCODE-2023-title28-partVI-chap161-sec2401.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 101.101(a)](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.101.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, CPLR 208(a) and CPLR 105(j)](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/208), checked October 29, 2026
- [Iowa Supreme Court, Estate of Cataldo v. RCHP-Ottumwa, LLC, No. 24-1994 (Feb. 27, 2026)](https://www.iowacourts.gov/courtcases/25292/embed/SupremeCourtOpinion), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 14 V.S.A. § 1492](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/071/01492), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, CPLR 214](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/214), checked October 29, 2026
- [Alabama Legislature, Code of Alabama § 6-2-38(l)](https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-6/chapter-2/article-2/section-6-2-38), checked October 29, 2026
- [Alabama Legislature, Code of Alabama § 6-5-410(d)](https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-6/chapter-5/article-23/section-6-5-410), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, No. 06-11445 (applying Alabama law; Ridgeway v. CSX Transp., 723 So. 2d 600 (Ala. 1998))](https://media.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/unpub/files/200611445.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes § 09.10.070(a)(2)](https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-9-code-of-civil-procedure/ak-st-sect-09-10-070/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes § 09.55.580(a)](https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-9-code-of-civil-procedure/ak-st-sect-09-55-580/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes § 09.17.060](https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-9-code-of-civil-procedure/ak-st-sect-09-17-060/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arizona Legislature, Arizona Revised Statutes § 12-542(1)](https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/00542.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arizona Legislature, Arizona Revised Statutes § 12-2505(A)](https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/02505.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arizona Legislature, Arizona Revised Statutes § 12-711](https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/00711.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Arkansas, Shelter Mut. Ins. Co. v. Nash, 357 Ark. 581 (2004) (applying Ark. Code Ann. § 16-56-105)](https://opinions.arcourts.gov/ark/supremecourt/en/262881/1/document.do), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arkansas General Assembly, Arkansas Code § 16-56-105(6)](https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-16/subtitle-5/chapter-56/subchapter-1/section-16-56-105/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arkansas General Assembly, Arkansas Code § 16-62-102(c)(1)](https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-16/subtitle-5/chapter-62/section-16-62-102/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Arkansas General Assembly, Arkansas Code § 16-64-122(b)](https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-16/subtitle-5/chapter-64/section-16-64-122/), checked October 29, 2026
- [California Legislature, Code of Civil Procedure § 335.1](https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-ccp/part-2/title-2/chapter-3/section-335-1), checked October 29, 2026
- [California Legislature, Code of Civil Procedure § 338(c)(1)](https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-ccp/part-2/title-2/chapter-3/section-338), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of California, Norgart v. Upjohn Co. (1999) 21 Cal.4th 383 (via SCOCAL)](https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/norgart-v-upjohn-co-32045), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of California, Li v. Yellow Cab Co. (1975) 13 Cal.3d 804 (via SCOCAL)](https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/li-v-yellow-cab-co-27850), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-101(1)(n)(I)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-101), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-102(1)(d)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-102), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-80-108(2)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-80-108), checked October 29, 2026
- [Colorado General Assembly, C.R.S. § 13-21-111(1)](https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_13-21-111), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-584](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-926/section-52-584/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-555(a)](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-925/section-52-555/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Connecticut General Assembly, General Statutes § 52-572h(b)](https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-52/chapter-925/section-52-572h/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Title 10 § 8119](https://delcode.delaware.gov/title10/c081/index.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 12-301(a)(8)](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/12-301), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 16-2702](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/16-2702), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Law 21-167 (common-law contributory negligence)](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/laws/21-167), checked October 29, 2026
- [Council of the District of Columbia, D.C. Code § 50-2204.52](https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2204.52), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 95.11(5)(a)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/95.11), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 95.031(1)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/95.031), checked October 29, 2026
- [Florida Legislature, Florida Statutes § 768.81(6)](https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/768.81), checked October 29, 2026
- [Georgia General Assembly, Official Code of Georgia § 9-3-33](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-9/chapter-3/article-2/section-9-3-33/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (Official Code of Georgia Annotated, 2024 edition), O.C.G.A. § 9-3-31](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2024/title-9/chapter-3/article-2/section-9-3-31/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Georgia General Assembly, Official Code of Georgia § 51-12-33(g)](https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-51/chapter-12/article-2/section-51-12-33/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 657-7](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0657/HRS_0657-0007.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 663-3](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0663/HRS_0663-0003.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Hawaii State Legislature, Hawaii Revised Statutes § 663-31(a)](https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol13_Ch0601-0676/HRS0663/HRS_0663-0031.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 5-219(4)](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title5/T5CH2/SECT5-219/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 5-218(3)](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title5/T5CH2/SECT5-218/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Idaho Legislature, Idaho Code § 6-801](https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title6/T6CH8/SECT6-801/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/13-202](https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/073500050k13-202.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/13-205 (text via courtrules.net)](https://www.courtrules.net/illinois/illinois-code-civil-procedure/rule-13-205), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, Wrongful Death Act, 740 ILCS 180/2](https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2059), checked October 29, 2026
- [Illinois General Assembly, 735 ILCS 5/2-1116](https://ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/073500050K2-1116.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-11/chapter-2/section-34-11-2-4/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-23-1-1 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-23/chapter-1/section-34-23-1-1/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana Court of Appeals, Davis-Brumley v. Fair Oaks Farms (Feb. 29, 2024), Indiana courts Case Clips](https://caseclips.courts.in.gov/2024/03/04/davis-brumley-v-fair-oaks-farms-llc-no-23a-ct-1610-__-n-e-3d-__-ind-ct-app-feb-29-2024), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-51-2-6 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-51/chapter-2/section-34-51-2-6/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Indiana General Assembly, Ind. Code § 34-51-2-2 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-34/article-51/chapter-2/section-34-51-2-2/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Iowa Legislature, Iowa Code § 614.1 (2026 Code)](https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/614.1.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Iowa Legislature, Iowa Code § 668.3 (2026 Code)](https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/668.3.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes, K.S.A. 60-513](https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch60/060_005_0013.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Supreme Court, Martin v. Naik, No. 101,146 (May 3, 2013)](https://2jd.kscourts.gov/KSCourts/media/KsCourts/Opinions/101146.pdf?ext=.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes, K.S.A. 60-258a](https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch60/060_002_0058a.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 304.39-230 (Motor Vehicle Reparations Act)](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=45816), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 413.125](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/Law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=17867), checked October 29, 2026
- [Kentucky General Assembly, KRS 411.182](https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/Law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=17782), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 3493.1](https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=1386443), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 2315.2](https://legis.la.gov/LEGIS/Law.aspx?d=109371), checked October 29, 2026
- [Louisiana State Legislature, Civil Code art. 2323](https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=109387&p=y), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maine Legislature, 18-C M.R.S. § 2-807](https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec2-807.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maine Legislature, 14 M.R.S. § 156](https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/14/title14sec156.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maryland General Assembly, Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 5-101](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute_Web/gcj/5-101.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maryland General Assembly, Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 3-904](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute%5FWeb/gcj/3-904.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Court of Appeals of Maryland, Coleman v. Soccer Ass'n of Columbia, No. 9, Sept. Term 2012 (July 9, 2013)](https://www.mdcourts.gov/opinions/coa/2013/9a12.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Maryland General Assembly, HB 466 (2026 Regular Session) status page](https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0466?ys=2026RS), checked October 29, 2026
- [Massachusetts Legislature, General Laws c. 260 § 2A](https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleV/Chapter260/Section2A), checked October 29, 2026
- [Massachusetts Legislature, General Laws c. 229 § 2](https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter229/Section2), checked October 29, 2026
- [Massachusetts Legislature, General Laws c. 231 § 85](https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter231/Section85), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.5805](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-5805), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.5852](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-5852), checked October 29, 2026
- [Michigan Legislature, MCL 600.2959](https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-2959), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 541.05](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 573.02](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/573.02), checked October 29, 2026
- [Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minn. Stat. § 604.01](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/604.01), checked October 29, 2026
- [Mississippi Legislature, Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-15/chapter-1/section-15-1-49/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Mississippi Legislature, Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-13 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-11/chapter-7/in-general/section-11-7-13/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Mississippi Legislature, Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-15 (2025 Code via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-11/chapter-7/in-general/section-11-7-15/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Missouri Revisor of Statutes, RSMo § 516.120](https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=516.120), checked October 29, 2026
- [Missouri Revisor of Statutes, RSMo § 537.100](https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=537.100), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Missouri, Lippard v. Houdaille Industries, 715 S.W.2d 491 (Mo. banc 1986) (via Justia)](https://law.justia.com/cases/missouri/supreme-court/1986/67802-0.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Montana Legislature, MCA 27-2-204](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0040/0270-0020-0020-0040.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Montana Legislature, MCA 27-2-207](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0070/0270-0020-0020-0070.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Montana Legislature, MCA 27-1-702](https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0010/part_0070/section_0020/0270-0010-0070-0020.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-207](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-207), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-810](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-810), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21,185.09](https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=25-21,185.09), checked October 29, 2026
- [Nevada Legislature, NRS 11.190](https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-011.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2024 Nevada Revised Statutes), NRS 41.141](https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/chapter-41/statute-41-141), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Hampshire General Court, RSA 508:4](https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/LII/508/508-4.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire, opinion 10-NH-008 (applying RSA 556:11 and 508:4)](https://www.nhd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Opinions/10/10NH008P.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Hampshire General Court, RSA 507:7-d](https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/lii/507/507-7-d.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Jersey Legislature, P.L.2019, c.120 (N.J.S.A. 2A:14-2)](https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2018/PL19/120_.HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Jersey Revised Statutes), N.J.S.A. 2A:14-1](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-2a/section-2a-14-1/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Jersey Revised Statutes), N.J.S.A. 2A:31-3](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-2a/section-2a-31-3/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Jersey Legislature, N.J.S.A. 2A:15-5.1](https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes/1/112/352), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 37-1-8](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-37/article-1/section-37-1-8/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 37-1-4](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-37/article-1/section-37-1-4/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 New Mexico Statutes), NMSA 1978 § 41-2-2](https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-41/article-2/section-41-2-2/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New Mexico Supreme Court, Scott v. Rizzo, 96 N.M. 682 (1981) (Caselaw Access Project text)](https://cite.case.law/nm/96/682/), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, EPTL 5-4.1](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/5-4.1), checked October 29, 2026
- [New York State Senate, CPLR 1411](https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/1411), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Carolina General Assembly, G.S. 1-52](https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_1/GS_1-52.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Carolina General Assembly, G.S. 1-53](https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_1/GS_1-53.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [UNC School of Government, On the Civil Side: 'Fault Lines: Understanding Negligence Doctrines' (2025-03-21)](https://www.sog.unc.edu/node/372836), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Dakota Legislative Assembly, N.D.C.C. § 28-01-16](https://ndlegis.gov/api/cencode/t28c01.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [North Dakota Legislative Assembly, N.D.C.C. § 32-03.2-02](https://ndlegis.gov/api/cencode/t32c03-2.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2305.10](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2305.10), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2125.02](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2125.02), checked October 29, 2026
- [Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Revised Code 2315.33](https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2315.33), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 12 O.S. § 95](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-12/section-12-95/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 12 O.S. § 1053](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-12/section-12-1053/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Oklahoma Statutes), 23 O.S. § 13](https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-23/section-23-13/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 12.110](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors012.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 30.020](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors030.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Oregon Legislature, ORS 31.600](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors031.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Pennsylvania General Assembly, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5524](https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.055.024.000..HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Reibenstein v. Barax (2022) opinion citing Pastierik v. Duquesne Light Co. (1987)](https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-86-2022cdo%20-%20105368583206274420.pdf?cb=1), checked October 29, 2026
- [Pennsylvania General Assembly, 42 Pa.C.S. § 7102](https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.071.002.000..HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-14](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE9/9-1/9-1-14.HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-1-13](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE9/9-1/9-1-13.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 10-7-2](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE10/10-7/10-7-2.HTM), checked October 29, 2026
- [Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 9-20-4](https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE9/9-20/9-20-4.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Carolina Legislature, S.C. Code § 15-3-530](https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t15c003.php), checked October 29, 2026
- [S.C. Supreme Court (via FindLaw), Hooper v. Ebenezer Senior Services & Rehabilitation Center (2009)](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/sc-supreme-court/1503695.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Carolina Bar (copy of S.C. Supreme Court opinion), Nelson v. Concrete Supply Co. (1991)](https://www.scbar.org/media/bqrn2bfw/nelson.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 15-2-14](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/15-2-14.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 15-2-13](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/15-2-13.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 21-5-3](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/21-5-3.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [South Dakota Legislature, SDCL 20-9-2](https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/20-9-2.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Tennessee Code), Tenn. Code Ann. § 28-3-105](https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-28/chapter-3/part-1/section-28-3-105/), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. District Court N.D. Ala. (govinfo), Murphy v. McGriff Transportation (2012), quoting Tennessee case law](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-alnd-2_11-cv-02754/pdf/USCOURTS-alnd-2_11-cv-02754-0.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Tennessee Board of Law Examiners (torts outline quoting Tenn. Supreme Court), McIntyre v. Balentine (1992)](https://www.tnble.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Torts.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code §§ 33.001, 33.012](https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.33.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Texas Legislature, Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33.001](https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/CP/htm/CP.33.htm), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-2-307](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/C78B-2-S307_2023050320230503.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-2-304](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/C78B-2-S304_2026050620260506.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [U.S. Court of Appeals, 10th Cir. (applying Utah law), Maughan v. SW Servicing, 758 F.2d 1381 (1985)](https://m.openjurist.org/758/f2d/1381), checked October 29, 2026
- [Utah Legislature, Utah Code § 78B-5-818](https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter5/C78B-5-S818_1800010118000101.html), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 12 V.S.A. § 512](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/12/023/00512), checked October 29, 2026
- [Vermont General Assembly, 12 V.S.A. § 1036](https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/12/027/01036), checked October 29, 2026
- [Virginia General Assembly, Code of Virginia § 8.01-243](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-243/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Virginia General Assembly, Code of Virginia § 8.01-244](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-244/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Supreme Court of Virginia, Williams v. Harrison, Record No. 970880 (1998)](https://ebrief.courts.state.va.us/opinions/opnscvwp/1970880.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington State Legislature, RCW 4.16.080](https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.16.080), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington Supreme Court, Deggs v. Asbestos Corp. Ltd., No. 91969-1 (2016)](https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/919691.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Washington State Legislature, RCW 4.22.005](https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.22.005), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-2-12](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-2-12/), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-7-6](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-7-6/), checked October 29, 2026
- [West Virginia Legislature, W. Va. Code § 55-7-13c](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/55-7-13c/), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 893.54](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/893.54), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 893.52](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/893/v/52), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wisconsin Legislature, Wis. Stat. § 895.045](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/895.045), checked October 29, 2026
- [Wyoming Legislature, Wyo. Stat. Title 1, § 1-3-105](https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title01.pdf), checked October 29, 2026
- [Justia (2025 Wyoming Statutes), Wyo. Stat. § 1-38-102](https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-1/chapter-38/section-1-38-102/), checked October 29, 2026
- [NAIC, Unfair Property/Casualty Claims Settlement Practices Model Regulation (Model 902), Sec. 7D](https://content.naic.org:443/sites/default/files/model-law-902.pdf), checked July 1, 1997